A3 Conversion factors for CO2 emissions
For the calculation of CO2 emissions, emission factors per energy source are required in order to convert consumption figures into an emission level. The emission factors used for each energy source are shown in the table below. CO2 emissions are calculated in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Standard. The operational control approach is used as a basis. In addition, the greenhouse gases of the Kyoto Protocol are included in the calculation of CO2 equivalents. Emissions are currently determined using the location-based method and the market-based method. If specific emission factors provided by the supplier are available, these are used to calculate the emission values according to the market-based method.
| Energy source | Unit | Emission factor CO2 emissions (kg per unit) |
| Biogas1 | m3 | 0.148 |
| Natural gas1 | kWh | 0.202 |
| Bioethanol2 | kWh | 0.0012 |
| CNG2 | kWh | 0.2 |
| Heating oil1 | kWh | 0.266 |
| HVO46 | kWh | 0.00373 |
| Gasoline1 | kWh | 0.264 |
| Diesel1 | kWh | 0.266 |
| District and local heating1 | kWh | 0.280 |
| 1 Source: Information sheet on the CO2 factors of energy efficiency in the economy – grants and loans; Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control Executive Staff Press and Public Relations 2019 2 Source: Defra 2023 3 Source: VDA, thinkstep AG; 2023 |
➔ Conversion of diesel, liters to kWh: Factor 9.86
➔ Conversion of gasoline, liters to kWh: Factor 8.77
➔ Conversion of HVO, liters to kWh: Factor 9.528
➔ Conversion of bioethanol, liters to kWh: Factor 7.42
Emissions data for electricity is highly dependent on the electricity mix, so each country has a customized emission factor:
| Electricity data3 | kg CO2e / kWh |
|---|---|
| Armenia | Data from Russia |
| Belarus | Data from Russia |
| Benelux (Belgium) | 0.19 |
| Brazil | 0.26 |
| Bulgaria | 0.61 |
| China | 0.72 |
| Denmark | 0.28 |
| Germany | 0.51 |
| Finland | 0.19 |
| France | 0.07 |
| Greenland | No data |
| India | 0.99 |
| Italy | 0.36 |
| Korea | 0.53 |
| Austria | 0.28 |
| Electricity data | kg CO2e / kWh |
| Poland | 0.86 |
| Romania | 0.41 |
| Russia | 0.47 |
| Saudi Arabia | Data from Germany – composition of electricity mix similar |
| Sweden | 0.04 |
| Singapore | 0.40 |
| Slovak Republic | 0.40 |
| Switzerland | 0.17 |
| Tajikistan | Data from Russia |
| Czech Republic | 0.64 |
| Turkmenistan | Data from Russia |
| United Kingdom (UK) | 0.30 |
| Ukraine | Data from Russia |
| USA | 0.47 |
The emission factors come from freely available specialist literature and are based on the “Information Sheet CO2 Factors” of the Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control. The determination of emissions due to the use of refrigerants has so far been dispensed with due to the low relevance.